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Cisco Certification: CCNA Certifcation FAQ by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

When you start your CCNA studies, a lot of questions come to mind! Here are the five most common questions CCNA candidates have, answered by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933.

Q. What exams do I have to take to get my CCNA?

A. The CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification offers two paths. You can take the one-exam path by taking the 640-801 CCNA Composite exam. If you want to break it up into two parts, you can take the Introduction To Cisco Networking Technologies (INTRO 640-821) and the Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devcies (ICND 640-811) exams.

Q. Chris, which path do you recommend?

A. I generally recommend the two-exam path, particularly for those CCNA candidates that haven't taken a Cisco exam before. The Intro exam offers you a little more time and allows you to become comfortable with the Cisco exam engine, particularly the simulator questions. Let's face it, the CCNA single exam covers a lot of material, from basic networking to OSPF to router on a stick. Most candidates are better off breaking this huge amount of material into two distinct parts.

Don't get me wrong, I've had plenty of students and customers pass the CCNA composite. It can be done!

Q. Do I have to recertify my CCNA, or is it mine forever after I pass?

A. One way Cisco protects the value of its certifications is to enforce strict recertification policies. When you earn your CCNA, you must recertify within three years.

Q. How do I recertify my CCNA?

A. There is a lot of confusion out there on this question. The latest information from Cisco is that you recertify your CCNA by doing any of the following three things:

1. Pass the current CCNA Composite or ICND exam.

2. Pass any 642-level professional level exam or any Cisco Qualified Specialist exam, not including Sales Specialist exams.

3. Pass any CCIE written exam.

Q. How do I register for the CCNA exam?

A. You can take the CCNA exam at any Prometric or VUE testing center. To find a Prometric testing center near you and register online, visit www.2test.com . For a VUE site, register at www.vue.com .

Q. Can you give me a braindump for the exam?

A. Boy, do you have the wrong guy! :)

To your success,

Chris Bryant

CCIE #12933

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. Video courses and training, binary and subnetting help, and corporate training are also available. For a FREE copy of his latest e-books, 'How To Pass The CCNA' or 'How To Pass The CCNP', send a request to chris@thebryantadvantage.com today !

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United Kingdom Meets Mitsubishi i by Lauren Woods

Mitsubishi Motors earlier announced that its award-winning “i” minicar will go on sale in the United Kingdom on the 1st of July this year. The Mitsubishi “i” minicar will be priced at £8,999.

The “i,” a Japanese kei car, was introduced by the automaker on 24 January last year. When asked about how the minicar got its name, the company responded, “This new-age car encourages the owner to express him/herself ('I') fully. Starting with the letter 'i' (innovation) also served as a keyword in the development of the car.'

The minicar debuted 28 months after its introduction as a concept car at the 60th Frankfurt Motor Show. After the debut of the car, initial sales target were surpassed by 20 percent. Also, in its first year, the “i” won four major awards. The four-seat “i” has even gained a cult status in Japan. There, it has proved its worth in both critical and commercial aspects. The success is attributed to its futuristic design, spacious interior, good handling and comfy ride.

Jim Tyrrell, the Managing Director of Mitsubishi Motors UK, said, “We displayed the “i” at Badminton Horse Trials, the British Motor Show and at a number of key dealerships around the country and the public reaction was wholly positive. The “i” has already become a cult car in Japan and we’re confident that its space and sophistication, coupled with Mitsubishi’s reputation for quality and reliability, will also make it a hit in the UK.”

Last year, more than 37,000 units were already sold in Japan alone. Automotive design and awards also showered the Mitsubishi model. The Automotive Researchers & Journalists of Japan (RJC) named the “i” the ‘RJC Car of the Year.’ Both customers and critics were wowed by the efficiency of the 64bhp, 660cc turbo engine of the car and the practical advantages that it delivers.

Other awards bagged by Mitsubishi “i” include the “Most Advanced Technology” Special Achievement Award, and it was also voted on as part of Japan’s Executive Committee of the Car of the Year awards. The Good Design Gold Prize and Good Design Grand Prize for 2006 were also given to the car by the Japanese Good Design Awards.

The said success has prompted Mitsubishi Motors UK to import the “i.” But before the importation proposal, an extensive feasibility study was conducted by the company. This is to ensure that Mitsubishi “i” has the great potential to make it big in the UK as well.

The Mitsubishi “i” will be sold through selected UK Mitsubishi dealers. The initial availability set was just 300 units. Moreover, with several deposits already made, the “i” is said to have lured a small following in the UK.

The Mitsubishi “i” is equipped with a 'rear-midship' engine mounted just ahead of the rear axle. The forthcoming European versions will feature Mitsubishi’s INVECS-II semi-automatic transmission. The automaker will also incorporate 3B20 aluminium-block three cylinder powerplant, a DOHC cylinder head with MIVEC variable valve timing, and intercooled turbocharger to produce a peak power of 47 kW and torque of 94 N•m. For this year, a naturally aspirated engine was introduced by the automaker. The engine is capable of producing 38 kW and 57 N•m. To boost the efficiency of the engine, an equally-functional Mitsubishi cold air intake is utilized.

To create a bigger front crumple zone and to comply with the safety regulations, the automaker used a lightweight aluminium space frame structure and a rear-engined layout. This is also done so as not to compromise the interior space of the car. Mitsubishi “i” also features MacPherson struts are used in the front suspension, electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD), and front discs with anti-lock braking (ABS).

The “i” in its name is a play on the Japanese word “ai” which means love. This idea emphasizes the car’s adorable properties. Mitsubishi is also engineered to be clever, imaginative and innovative. These characteristics are set to attract the Europeans.

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing. You can visit Mitsubishi cold air intake for more information.

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How Laser Hair Removal Pricing Is Determined by Judy Wellsworth

As the effectiveness of laser hair removal has led to its becoming the one of the most popular forms of eliminating unwanted hair, more and more people have become interested in learning about laser hair removal pricing. But there is no single answer to their questions; each person’s hair removal needs are treated as unique, and treatments are priced on a case-by-case basis.

Pricing will differ according to the area of the body from which the hair is being removed, as well as the number or session it will take to eliminate the hair entirely, and the doctor administering the treatments. So those consulting with a doctor about laser hair removal should get the details both of the laser hair removal process itself and the laser hair removal pricing.

Pricing Policies

There are several methods which clinics use to price their laser hair removal services:

Flat Fee laser hair removal pricing can be done either on a single treatment or series of treatments basis. The flat fee will be the same for all patients having the same specific area of their bodies treated, regardless of the amount of hair they need removed.

Some laser hair removal pricing is done on a time basis; clinics which use this form of pricing will normally charge for every fifteen minutes of treatment. Before you agree to treatments for a clinic employing this pricing policy, remember the slower its laser equipment and laser technicians are, the less hair you’ll have removed in fifteen minutes, and the more expensive your overall treatment will be.

Another form of laser hair removal pricing is the fee per pulse method. Each firing of the laser is a pulse, and pulses usually less just under one second. A pulse can penetrate up to one hundred hair follicles, so the amount of hair that is being removed will determine the number of pulses necessary to complete a treatment.

Some clinics employ fee per pulse laser hair removal pricing by charging a minimum for a certain number of pulses. Any pulses required beyond the minimum number will cost a dollar each. But over the period of the entire hair removal process, the client will need less hair removed, so each session will require fewer pulses and cost less. The price per pulse varies according to the laser needed because different lasers target different amounts of hair.

Pricing also depends the geographic area where the clinic is situated, and the practitioner. It may account for the practitioner’s entire business, or it may just be just one of many services which a dermatologist or cosmetic surgeon offers.

Getting The Best Pricing For Yourself

Your particular needs will affect the laser hair removal pricing you receive. The thickness and amount of your hair, the area of your body which will be treated, and the number of treatments required will all influence your final treatment costs.

If you decide to go ahead with laser hair removal, don’t be afraid to negotiate for a discount with your practitioner. By offering to pay for an entire series of treatments in advance, you may be able to lock in lower per-session prices.

The high cost of laser hair removal is, for many people, well worth its long-term results. If you are tired of having to spend time and money every day coping with your unwanted hair, getting rid of it once and for all may make the cost seem less significant. But take the time to comparison shop among the laser removal facilities in your area, to make sure that the money you do spend will bring you the maximum satisfaction.

You can also find more info on Laser Hair Removal Costs and Laser Hair Removal Prices. Bestlaserhairremovaltreatment.com is a comprehensive resource to know more about Laser Removing.

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The New Leadership Is A Sacred Calling by Brent Filson

PERMISSION TO REPUBLISH: This article may be republished in newsletters and on web sites provided attribution is provided to the author, and it appears with the included copyright, resource box and live web site link. Email notice of intent to publish is appreciated but not required: mail to: brent@actionleadership.com

Word count: 813

You can greatly improve your job and career performance when you embrace leadership as a sacred calling.

The global marketplace is creating historic changes in human circumstances as broad and deep as those originated by the Industrial Revolution. But one significant change that observers are overlooking involves leadership.

From the outset of the Industrial Revolution, order-giving has been the standard of leadership. The word 'order' comes from the Latin root meaning to arrange threads in a woof. In the Industrial Revolution's early years, workers were 'ordered' or ranked like threads in a woof of textile production lines.

But globalization is creating a need for new leadership. Instead of ordering people to go from A to B, the new leadership has people want to go from A to B.

This simple, even simplistic, difference illuminates an enormous leadership opportunity. Clearly, people who 'want to' are more competitive than people who are simply responding to orders, given their skills are commensurate. Your arousing want-to in others can be accomplished most effectively when you see your leadership as a sacred activity.

Sacred is commonly defined as being devoted or dedicated to a deity or some religious purpose. But the emergence of the global marketplace has necessitated a new meaning for the sacred. The sacred I speak of is not connected to any principle exclusive to a particular denominational religion. If it were, it could not be applied universally throughout the global market's interplay of many languages, cultures, and religions. Instead, the sacred aspect of leadership is based on the undeniable fact that all humans everywhere are interconnected through their relationships in profound, practical ways. The sacred flows from the wellsprings of those deep, human relationships.

Paradoxically, this 'new' leadership has been manifested since time in memorial. After all, when people needed to accomplish great things, a leader had to first gather them together and speak from the heart. In that gathering, in that speaking, in that sharing something truly sacred was established.

To examine the sacred, we must understand the stuff that leaders' activities must be made of: results. If you're not getting results, you won't be a leader for long. Results come in countless forms and functions. But one thing all results share is they are the outcomes of the relationships people engender to take action.

The word 'relationship' comes from a Latin root meaning to 'carry back.' To be involved in a human relationships is to both give and get. Such relationships are best realized in leadership when you engage in what I call the Leadership Imperative. The Imperative states: 'I will lead others in such a way that we together not only accomplish our needed results but we grow professionally and personally.'

The Leadership Imperative is the rough, organizational equivalent of the Golden Rule that most religions, in one form or another, urge; but don't confuse it with a guide for conduct exclusively; it's also a way of getting great organizational results. When people understand that your leadership will improve their lives, their jobs and their careers, you'll establish a sacred bond with them, and they'll be more likely to be motivated to accomplish extraordinary things for you.

(An important tool for actualizing the Leadership Imperative is a methodology I've been teaching to leaders worldwide for nearly a quarter of a century. See my website for my information on the Leadership Talk.)

In our time, order leadership has held sway in all sectors of business and government. However, order leadership has nothing sacred to offer. Orders are sent, orders carried out or not. Deep, human, 'sacred' connections are superfluous, even antithetical, to giving orders. And because order leadership can't get the consistently great results that the new leadership triggers, the order way of leadership is destined for history's scrap heap.

Don't be put off or discouraged if you can't immediately see the sacred in your leadership today. First, align your words and actions to conform to the Leadership Imperative. When you do, you'll see the sacred in the very practical necessities of your daily life. It's been there all along, waiting for you to find it and realize it. You may be in a bureaucracy that at first blush seems to have nothing to do with the sacred. But I submit that no matter what organization you're in, what job you hold, you'll get the best results when you work to manifest the sacred in your leadership. In fact, the sacred is the true reality of what you do, where you do it.

When you're realizing the sacred calling of the Leadership Imperative, everyone you encounter, every challenge you face, is invested with special meaning that can boost results.

The exigencies of the global economy are demanding a change in the standard of leadership. Your understanding and realizing the new leadership but also its sacred dimensions will notably advance your job and career performance.

2006 © The Filson Leadership Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

The author of 23 books, Brent Filson's recent books are, THE LEADERSHIP TALK: THE GREATEST LEADERSHIP TOOL and 101 WAYS TO GIVE GREAT LEADERSHIP TALKS. He is founder and president of The Filson Leadership Group, Inc. – and for more than 21 years has been helping leaders of top companies worldwide get audacious results. Sign up for his free leadership e-zine and get a free white paper: '49 Ways To Turn Action Into Results,' at http://www.actionleadership.com For more about the Leadership Talk: http://www.theleadershiptalk.com

The author of 23 books, Brent Filson's most recent books are: THE LEADERSHIP TALK: THE GREATEST LEADERSHIP TOOL and 101 WAYS TO GIVE GREAT LEADERSHIP TALKS. http://www.actionleadership.com

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How to Take Care of Your New Adopted Dog by gpoint

Whether you and your new dog have come together as a result of a dog adoption, dog rescue or other means, one thing is certain…you must take the best care possible of your dog to assure the dog’s health and a long and rewarding life together.

Your new dog will need time to adjust to his new home and family. He just left a kennel or shelter where there were strange sounds and people.. Now he is in a new place with another set of new people and an environment that he needs to get comfortable in. He’ll want to explore. He’ll want to get to know his new home..

He’ll probably have some accidents as he gets to know his surroundings and will chew a few things. Keep on eye on him but expect this to happen. It’s all common during the adjustment period.

Here’s a few tips on dog care to get you started:
• Make sure your dog has been micro-chipped . This is a simple little device injected under the skin and will help identify your new adopted dog in case the dog ever gets lost and is brought to a dog shelter or dog rescue.
1. Another important accessory is a soft dog collar with an id tag attached. The id tag should have your name and a current phone number that you can be reached at in the event someone finds your newly adopted dog after a doggy adventure. Many careful dog guardians have discovered that their pal has slipped out a door, through a fence or run out to play only to get lost. Proper identification will enhance the probability of a quick and safe return home.

• Make sure you keep your dog on a leash at all times when you go for a walk . This will protect your dog from potential dangers such as cars and other dogs. It also will help you control your dog and protect her in the event the dog becomes excited at the site of other dogs or people.


• Spay or Neuter your Dog- Spaying and neutering is a very basic procedure that will help your dog live a longer and healthier life. Spayed or neutered fogs have fewer behavioral issues such as aggression . And finally, spaying and neutering helps control the exploding dog population. This will reduce the stress on overpopulated dog shelters and help reduce the number of unwanted dogs that are euthanized annually.

• Choose the Perfect Veterinarian- Your adopted dog should receive regular vet checkups as a preventative medicine function and to treat any problems that may arise. Certain vaccinations are required by law such as one for rabies. When you choose a vet, ask the doctor what his/her philosophy is as to vaccinations, nutrition and general treatment protocols. One you select the vet that you feel is best for your dog, you will be started on a lifelong relationship for good canine health.

• Feed a high quality dog food.-There are a number of different philosophies on the best type of food to feed your adopted dog. Some believe that dogs should eat RAW food as they would in the wild. Others believe that kibble is the best way to go. Yet others decide to cook meats, veggies and rice as a diet. Talk with your vet as to what is best for your dog nutritionally and as to quantity and frequency of feedings. If you choose a commercial dog food make sure that it is not mostly filler. You can determine this by looking at the first agreements on the package. When you see grains and by products mentioned and the price is a bargain…leave it behind. Your adopted dog needs a nutritionally based diet that will help keep him healthy, not junk food. When in doubt, ask your vet.

• Make sure your adopted dog is licensed. You will need to province proof of vaccinations and should get an id tag. Your vet, the local dog shelter or dog rescue can provide you with information.

• Make sure your adopted dog has a warm place to live in the winter and cool place in the summer. Your dog should always have access to fresh water. I don’t support the idea of “outdoor” dogs. Dogs enjoy playing in the yard but should have a safe and comfortable place to rest . And never under any circumstance chain your dog and leave her unattended. Your dog wants to be with you and share your time and space. Having a companion is why you brought your dog home in the first place, isn’t it?

• Exercise your dog with frequent walks and play. Both you and your dog will benefit from the exercise, making your relationship stronger . Walk your dog at least 2 times a day. Exercise and meeting other folks along the way with friendly dogs will also help you to socialize your dog. Ask your vet how much exercise your dog should receive.

• Join a dog training class. Many places offer group lessons on basic behavior and socialization. This is a wonderful and inexpensive opportunity for you and your new adopted dog to develop a solid foundation.

• Be a Pal to Your Dog- Dog behavior and care can at times be frustrating. But almost any situation can be resolved with a little information and help.

Don’t approach your new adopted dog with rapid hand movements at his face. He will be scared and his reaction may be unexpected including fear or aggressive behavior as a defense mechanism.

When you have a question or don’t know what to do next, consult with your veterinarian, dog trainers and dog rescue folks who have probably seen the exact same situation countless times. Your adopted dog is now a member of your family and is counting on you to be a guardian and a pal.

Dogs 4 Life offers news, information and resources on dog adoption, dog rescue, dog food nutrition and dog care at http://www.dogs-4life.com This article may be reproduced unedited and provided the hyperlink to the author’s site is displayed with the article.

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