Cardiac surgery is surgery on the heart a great vessels performed by a cardiac surgeonz. So it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease correct congenital heart disease or treat the valvular heart disease created by various causes including endocarditis.It is also includes heart transplantation.

Latest and oldest information 

The earliest operations on the pericardium took place in the 19th century and were performed by Francisco Romero,Dominique Jean Larrey,Henry Dalton and Daniel Hale Williams.The first successful surgery on the heart by itself performed without any complications in year 1896 by Dr.Ludwig Rehn of Germany.Surgery on great vessels such as aortic coarctation repair Blalock Taussig shunt creation closure of patent ductus arteriosus became common after the turn of the century and falls in the domain of cardiac surgery but technically cannot be considered heart surgery.