Voice Recognition and Response
Voice recognition and voice response (in their infancy) promise to be the easiest method of providing user interface for data entry and conversational computing, since speech is the easiest, most natural means of human communication.

Voice Recognition: These systems analyze and classify speech or vocal tract patterns and convert them into digital codes for entry into a computer system.
Used in work situations where operators need to perform data entry without using their hands to key in data or instructions, or where it would be faster and more accurate input.

Voice Response: These systems are more developed that voice recognition. Devices range from mainframe audio-response units to voice-messaging minicomputers to speech synthesizer microprocessors.
Used to guide operators through the steps of a task, and also used to allow computers to respond to verbal and touch-tone input over the telephone.

Optical and Magnetic Recognition

Optical scanning: An input device (scanner) that scans characters or images and generates their digital representations. They include optical character recognition (OCR) equipment that can read special-purpose characters and codes, and wands that are used to read data on merchandise tags and other media.

Magnetic Data Entry:  The machine recognition of characters printed with magnetic ink. Primarily used for check processing magnetic ink character recognition (MICR by the banking industry. Another form of magnetic data entry is the magnetic stripe technology used to machine read credit cards.

Storage Trends and Trade-Offs:  Data and information need to be stored after input, during processing, and before output.

Storage Trends: Away from paper documents stored in filing cabinets to computer-based information storage.

Storage Trade-Offs: As access speed increases, storage capacity decreases, and the cost per bit increases.

Semiconductor memories are used mainly for primary storage. Trade off is that a lose or interruption of electrical power results in lost data.

Magnetic disk, tape, and optical disk devices are used as secondary storage to enlarge the storage capacity of computer systems. Advantage is that the data is more secure than semiconductor memory as it is more permanent.

source: Business Computing

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