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n.com

'Animé' redirects here. For
the oleo-resin, see Animé
(oleo-resin).
Anime (ã?¢ã??ã?¡, Anime?
IPA pronunciation: /É?nime/
listen (help·info) in
Japanese, but typically
/
more

'THE CREATOR' - FOR STICK
'EL CREADOR' - FOR STICK

FOR MORE:
http://www.soyelcreador.com.ar
http://www.historietayanimacio
n.com

'Animé' redirects here. For
the oleo-resin, see Animé
(oleo-resin).
Anime (ã?¢ã??ã?¡, Anime?
IPA pronunciation: /É?nime/
listen (help·info) in
Japanese, but typically
/Ë?ænɪË?me(ɪ)/ or
/Ë?ænɪmÉ?/ in English)
(pl. anime) is an abbreviation
of the word 'animation'.
Outside Japan, the term most
popularly refers to animation
originating in Japan. To the
West, not all animation is
considered anime; and anime is
considered a subset of
animation.

While some anime is hand
drawn, computer assisted
animation techniques have
become quite common in recent
years. Like any entertainment
medium, the story lines
represent most major genres of
fiction. Anime is broadcast on
television, distributed on
media such as DVD and VHS, and
included in video games.
Additionally, some are
produced as full length motion
pictures. Anime often draws
influence from manga, light
novels, and other cultures.
Some anime storylines have
been adapted into live action
films and television series.

History
Main article: History of anime
The history of anime begins at
the start of the 20th century,
when Japanese filmmakers
experimented with the
animation techniques that were
being explored in France,
Germany, the United States,
and Russia.[citation needed]

Animation became notable in
Japan as it provided an
alternative format of
storytelling compared to the
underdeveloped live-action
industry in Japan. Unlike
America, where live-action
shows and films have generous
budgets, the live-action
industry in Japan is a small
market and suffered from
budgeting, location, and
casting restrictions. The lack
of Western-looking actors, for
example, made it next to
impossible to shoot films set
in Europe, America, or fantasy
worlds that do not naturally
involve Japan. The varied use
of animation allowed artists
to create any characters and
settings.[1]

During the 1970s, there was a
surge of growth in the
popularity of mangaâ?? which
were often later animated â??
especially those of Osamu
Tezuka, who has been called a
'legend'[2] and the 'god of
manga'.[3][4] As a result of
his work and that of other
pioneers in the field, anime
developed characteristics and
genres that are fundamental
elements of the art today. The
giant robot genre (known as
'mecha' outside Japan), for
instance, took shape under
Tezuka, developed under Go
Nagai and others, and was
revolutionized at the end of
the decade by Yoshiyuki
Tomino. Robot anime like
Gundam and Macross became
instant classics in the 80s,
and the robot genre of anime
is still one of the most heard
of in Japan and worldwide
today. In the 1980s, anime was
accepted in the mainstream in
Japan, and experienced a boom
in production (It should be
noticed that, manga has
significantly more mainstream
exposure than anime in Japan).
The mid-to-late '90s, on into
the 2000s, saw an increased
acceptance of anime in
overseas markets.


Terminology

Etymology and pronunciation
Note: This page or section
contains IPA phonetic symbols
in Unicode. See IPA chart for
English for a pronunciation
key.
The Japanese term for
animation is
ã?¢ã??ã?¡ã?¼ã?·ã?§�
�?³ (animÄ?shon, pronounced
/É?nime:É?oÉ´/), written
in katakana. It is borrowed
from the French word for
animation, 'l'animé' (it's
lacking the article--both are
pronounced similarly). Both
the words 'animation' and
'l'animé' come from the
Latin word 'anima' which means
to move. [5] The Japanese term
is spelled ã?¢ã??ã?¡
(anime, pronounced /É?nime/).
Both the original and
abbreviated forms are valid
and interchangeable in
Japanese, but as could be
expected the shorter form is
more commonly used.

The pronunciation of anime in
English differs significantly
from Japanese. The first vowel
is further forward in English
than Japanese: /æ/ is more
likely than /É?/. As English
stresses words differently
than Japanese, the second
vowel is likely to emerge as
an unstressed schwa /É?/ or
/I/ in English, whereas in
Japanese each mora carries
equal stress. As with a few
other Japanese words such as
Pokémon and Kobo Abé,
anime is sometimes spelled as
animé in English with an
acute accent over the final e
to cue the reader that the
letter is pronounced as a
Japanese /e/. However, this
accent does not appear in any
commonly used system of
romanized Japanese, and
English native speakers may
produce /eI/.


Definition

An example of an anime drawing
styleLinguistically, the anime
definition is subject to
interpretation. In Japan, the
term does not specify an
animation's nation of origin
or style; instead, it is used
as a blanket term to refer to
all forms of animation from
around the world.[6] In
English, main dictionary
sources define anime as 'a
Japanese style of
motion-picture animation' or
'a style of animation
developed in Japan'.[7] Thus,
non-Japanese works are
sometimes called
anime-influenced animation if
they borrow stylistically from
Japanese animation.

In western countries the word
is used usually only to refer
to animated programming of
Japanese origin, with the term
'cartoon' or 'animated series'
used for most other visual
styles. The online anime
database AniDB generally
defines anime (in the singular
form) as 'an animated,
professionally produced,
feature film created by a
Japanese company for the
Japanese market'.[6] However,
some anime are co-productions
with non-Japanese companies
like the Cartoon Network.
Thus, anime is no longer
specific to the Japanese
market.


Syntax and morphology
Anime can be used as a common
noun, 'Do you watch anime?' or
as a suppletive adjective,
'The anime Guyver is different
from the movie Guyver.' It may
also be used as a mass noun,
as in 'How much anime have you
collected?' and therefore is
never pluralized 'animes'
(nouns are never pluralized in
Japanese). However, in other
languages where anime has been
adopted as a loan word, it is
sometimes used as a count noun
in singular and in plural as
in Danish 'Jeg tror, jeg vil
se en anime' ('I think I'll
watch an anime') and 'Hvor
mange anime'er har du nu?'
('How many animes do you have
now?').


Synonyms
Anime is sometimes referred to
as Japanimation, but this term
has fallen into disuse.
Japanimation saw the most
usage during the 1970s and
1980s, which broadly comprise
the first and second waves of
anime fandom, and had
continued use up until before
the mid-1990s anime
resurgence. In general, the
term now only appears in
nostalgic contexts. The term
is much more commonly used
within Japan to refer to
domestic animation. Since
anime or animÄ?shon is used
to describe all forms of
animation, Japanimation is
used to distinguish Japanese
work from that of the rest of
the world.

In more recent years, anime
has also frequently been
referred to as manga in
European countries, a practice
that may stem from the
Japanese usage: In Japan,
manga can refer to both
animation and comics (although
the use of manga to refer to
animation is mostly restricted
to non-fans). Among English
speakers, manga usually has
the stricter meaning of
'Japanese comics'. An
alternate explanation is that
it is due to the prominence of
Manga Entertainment, a
distributor of anime to the US
and UK markets. Because Manga
Entertainment originated in
the UK the use of the term is
common outside of Japan. The
portmanteau 'animanga' has
been used to collectively
refer to anime and manga,
though it is also a term used
to describe comics produced
from animation cels.


Characteristics

Dragon Ball Z (1989) is a
popular shōnen anime based
on the original manga series
which spanned 291 episodes and
13 movies.Anime features a
wide variety of artistic
styles. They vary from artist
to artist or by studio to
studio. They are generally
characterized by detailed
backgrounds and stylized
characters in a variety of
different settings and
storylines, aimed at a wide
range of audiences. It is
usually coloured and designed
to look as realistic as
possible. Unlike Manga, which
uses slightly exaggerated
colours and designs. But,
anime fantasy creatures, (e.g
witches, spirits etc.) can
have exaggerated facial and
physical features. But, they
will always be designed to
look as realistic as possible,
and bright colours would be
rarely used unless needed to.


Genres
Anime has many genres
typically found in any mass
media form. Such genres
include action, adventure,
children's stories, comedy,
drama, erotica (hentai),
medieval fantasy,
occult/horror, romance, and
science fiction.

Most anime includes content
from several different genres,
as well as a variety of
thematic elements. Thus, some
series may be categorized
under multiple genres. For
example, Neon Genesis
Evangelion might be considered
to fall into the genres of
post-apocalyptic, mecha,
drama, and shonen-ai. A show
may have a seemingly simple
surface plot, but at the same
time may feature a far more
complex, deeper storyline and
character development. It is
not uncommon for an action
themed anime to also involve
humor, romance, and even
social commentary. The same
can be applied to a romance
themed anime in that it may
involve an action element, or
in some cases brutal violence.

The following is a list of the
major genres and designations
that are specific to anime and
manga.[8]

For other possible genres, see
film genre.
Genres with Western
Counterparts:

Action/Adventure: Anime that
primarily focuses on martial
arts, sword fighting, or other
action oriented material.
Examples: Ninja Scroll.
Horror: Anime or manga which
contains darker themes or
science-fictional characters.
Examples: Vampire Hunter D
series or Wicked City.
Progressive: 'Art films' or
extremely stylized anime.
Examples: Voices of a Distant
Star or Byōsoku 5
Centimetre.
Demographic Genres:

Shōjo: Japanese for 'young
lady' or 'little girl'. Refers
to anime or manga targeted at
girls. Examples: Fruits Basket
or Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi
Pitch.
Shōnen: Japanese for 'young
boy'. Refers to anime or manga
targeted at younger boys.
Examples: Dragon Ball Z or
Digimon.
Seinen: Japanese for 'young
man'. Anime or manga targeted
at teenage or young male
adults. Examples: Oh My
Goddess!, Outlaw Star or
Cowboy Bebop.
Josei: Japanese for 'young
woman'. Anime or manga that is
aimed at young women.
Examples: Gokusen.
Kodomo: Japanese for 'child'.
Anime or manga that is aimed
at young children. Examples:
Doraemon, Hello Kitty,
Keroppi, Pokémon or
Panda-Z.
Thematic Genres

Bishōjo: Japanese for
'beautiful girl'. A blanket
term that can be used to
describe any anime that
features pretty girl
characters. Examples: Magic
Knight Rayearth.
Bishōnen: Japanese for
'beautiful boy'. A blanket
term that can be used to
describe any anime that
features 'pretty' and elegant
boys and men. Examples:
Fushigi YÅ«gi or most CLAMP
shows.
Sentai: Literally 'fighting
team' in Japanese. Refers to
any show that involves a
superhero team. Examples:
Cyborg 009.
Robot/Mecha: Anime or manga
featuring super robots.
Examples: Mobile Suit Gundam
or Mazinger Z.
Post-Apocalyptic: Anime
dealing with a
post-apocalyptic world.
Examples: Neon Genesis
Evangelion, Trigun, Akira,
Wolf's Rain, or Nausicaä of
the Valley of the Wind
Mahō shōjo: Subgenre of
shōjo known for 'Magical
Girl' stories. Examples:
Sailor Moon.
Mahō shōnen: Male
equivalent of Mahō
Shōjo. Examples: D.N.Angel.

Moe: Anime or manga featuring
characters that are extremely
perky or cute. Examples: A
Little Snow Fairy Sugar.
Expertise: Anime that deals
with a specific topic in
depth, such as Eyeshield 21
and football, Hikaru no Go and
the game Go, Yakitate! Japan
and bread-making, etc.
Romantic Genres

Harem: A genre where several
girl characters are attracted
to a single boy character (or
sometimes to multiple boy
characters). It is more often
than not a Shonen Anime and
may be considered a sub-genre.
Examples: Ranma ½ or Love
Hina.
Reverse Harem: As a Harem
anime, but where several boy
characters are attracted to a
single girl character (or
sometimes to multiple girl
characters). It is more often
than not a Shojo Anime and may
be considered a sub-genre.
Examples: Ouran Host Club or
Fruits Basket.
Ecchi: Japanese for 'indecent
sexuality', derived from the
pronunciation of the letter
'H', (the origin of the term
is not well known, even in
Japan. See main article for
more information.) Contains
sexual humor, and some fan
service. Examples: Love Hina,
Oruchuban Ebichu or He Is My
Master.
Hentai: Japanese for
'abnormal' or 'perverted'.
While Western audiences may
use the term to refer to
pornographic anime or erotica,
in Japan the term used to
refer to the same material is
typically Poruno or Ero.
Examples: La Blue Girl or
'Bible Black'.
Shōjo-ai/Yuri: Japanese for
'girl-love'. Refers to anime
or manga that focus on love
and romance between female
characters. It is often being
replaced by the term 'Girls
Love' (GL). Yuri is like
Shōjo-ai, but sometimes
involves older characters or
explicit sexual activity.
Examples: Revolutionary Girl
Utena or Kannazuki no Miko.
Shōnen-ai: Japanese for
'boy-love'. Refers to anime or
manga that focus on love and
romance between male
characters. The term
'Shōnen-ai' is being phased
out in Japan due to its other
meaning of pederasty, and is
being replaced by the term
'Boys Love' (BL). Examples:
Loveless, Gravitation
Yaoi: Like 'Shōnen-ai' but
often involving older
characters and explicit sexual
activity. Examples: 'Sensitive
Pornograph'
Some anime titles are written
for a very specific audience,
even narrower than those
described above. For example,
Initial D, Wangan Midnight and
éX-Driver concern street
racing and car tuning. Ashita
No Joe, Hajime no Ippo were
about boxing. Hanaukyo Maid
Team is based on the French
maid fantasy.


Style
While different titles and
different artists have their
own artistic styles, many
stylistic elements have become
so common such that they are
described as being definitive
of anime in general. These
elements have been given names
of their own. The anime
drawing style can be learned,
particularly with the aid of
books such as How to Draw
Manga. Such books come
complete with information and
instructions on the styles
used in anime.

A common approach is the large
eyes style drawn on many anime
and manga characters, credited
to the influence of Osamu
Tezuka, who was inspired by
the exaggerated features of
American cartoon characters
such as Betty Boop and Mickey
Mouse and from Disney's Bambi.
Tezuka found that large eyes
style allowed his characters
to show emotions distinctly.
Cultural anthropologist Matt
Thorn argues that Japanese
animators and audiences do not
perceive such stylized eyes as
inherently more or less
foreign.[1] When Tezuka began
drawing Ribbon no Kishi, the
first manga specifically
targeted at young girls,
Tezuka further exaggerated the
size of the characters' eyes.
Indeed, through Ribbon no
Kishi, Tezuka set a stylistic
template that later shōjo
artists tended to follow.
Another variation of this
style is 'super deformed';
which usually feature huge
eyes, an enlarged head, and
small body.

Other stylistic elements are
common as well; often in
comedic anime, characters that
are shocked or surprised will
perform a 'face fault', in
which they display an
extremely exaggerated
expression. Angry characters
may exhibit a 'vein' or
'stressmark' effect, where
lines representing bulging
veins will appear on their
forehead. Angry women will
sometimes summon a mallet from
nowhere and strike someone
with it, leading to the
concept of Hammerspace and
cartoon physics. Male
characters will develop a
bloody nose around their
female love interests
(typically to indicate
arousal, based on an old
wives' tale).[9] Embarrassed
characters will invariably
produce a massive sweat-drop,
which has become one of the
most widely recognized
stereotype motifs of anime.

The degree of stylization
varies from title to title.
Some titles make extensive use
of common stylization: FLCL,
for example, is known for its
wild, exaggerated stylization.
In contrast, titles such as
Only Yesterday, a film by Isao
Takahata, take a much more
realistic approach, and
feature few stylistic
exaggerations.


Distribution

Licensing
Main article: Anime licensing
Anime is available outside of
Japan in localized form.
Licensed anime is modified by
distributors through dubbing
into the language of the
country. The anime may also be
edited to alter cultural
references that may not be
understood by a non-Japanese
person and certain companies
may remove what may be
perceived as objectionable
content. This process was far
more common in the past (e.g.
One Piece), when anime was
largely unheard of in the
west, but its use has declined
in recent years because of the
demand for anime in its
original form. This 'light
touch' approach to
localization has proved
popular with fans as well as
viewers formerly unfamiliar
with anime. The popularity of
such methods is evident by the
success of Naruto, Dragon Ball
Z, and Cartoon Network's Adult
Swim programming block, both
of which employ minor edits.
The 'light touch' approach
also applies to DVD releases
as they often include both the
dubbed audio and the original
Japanese audio with subtitles,
are typically unedited. Anime
edited for television is
usually released on DVD
'uncut,' with all scenes
intact.

Anime has also been a
commercial success in Asia,
Europe and Latin America,
where anime has become even
more mainstream than in the
United States. For example,
the Saint Seiya video game was
released in Europe due to the
popularity of the show even
years after the series has
been off-air.


Fansubs
Main article: Fansub
Although it is a violation of
copyright laws in many
countries, some fans watch
fansubs, recordings of anime
series that have been
subtitled by fans. Watching
subtitled Japanese versions,
though not necessarily
downloaded fansubs, is seen by
many enthusiasts as the
preferred method of watching
anime. The ethical
implications of producing,
distributing, or watching
fansubs are topics of much
controversy even when fansub
groups do not profit from
their activities and cease
distribution of their work
once the series has been
licensed outside of Japan.


Television
TV networks regularly
broadcast anime programming.
Cable channels such as Cartoon
Network, Disney, Sci-Fi, and
others dedicate some of their
time slots for anime. Then the
Anime Network specifically
shows anime. In Japan, major
national TV networks broadcast
anime regularly.


Anime beyond Japan

Early anime in the United
States
The United States saw its
first exposure to anime in
June of 1961, when Shônen
Sarutobi Sasuke (Magic Boy)
was released by MGM, followed
a few weeks later by Hakuja
den (Panda and the Magic
Serpent, or The Tale of the
White Serpent). Anime then got
its running jump in September
of 1963, when NBC syndicated a
dubbed version of the Japanese
series Astro Boy. Not counting
such Japanese/American
co-productions as The King
Kong Show and Johnny Cypher in
Dimension Zero[1], only seven
more anime TV series were
released in the United States
in the 1960s. These were 8 Man
(1965), Gigantor (1966), Kimba
the White Lion (1966), Prince
Planet (1966), Marine Boy
(1966), The Amazing 3 (1967)
and Speed Racer (1967). Speed
Racer would be the last anime
series released in the United
States until 1978 when the
1972 series Kagaku ninja tai
Gatchaman was adapted for
American audiences as Battle
of the Planets.[10] Many anime
series that made it to
American television from the
1960s through the 1980s tended
to be science fiction or
action-oriented, such as Star
Blazers (the English dub of
Space Battleship Yamato) and
Robotech and Voltron (both
Americanized amalgamations of
unrelated anime series cobbled
together into a single story).

As the 1980s wore on, more
anime series and films
targeted at very young
children also found their way
to U.S. TV screens, often on
cable television channels or
in syndication. Nickelodeon
broadcast many mostly
Canadian-made English dubs of
anime films during its early
years, including TV series
such as Mysterious Cities of
Gold, Adventures of the Little
Koala, Belle and Sebastian,
The Adventures of the Little
Prince, Noozles, Maya the Bee,
Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics,
and The Littl' Bits, many of
which were aired on 'Nick
Jr.', the network's block of
programming for very young
viewers. The Disney Channel
broadcast both of the
feature-length anime films
starring Osamu Tezuka's famous
unicorn character Unico, and
CBN redubbed and broadcast its
Bible-based anime TV series
co-produced with Tatsunoko,
Superbook and The Flying
House. HBO also showed
juvenile-targeted anime on
occasion, including TV series
such as Tales of Little Women,
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz,
and Saban's Adventures of
Pinocchio and feature films
such as Gisaburo Sugii's 1974
Jack and the Beanstalk.

A great many anime films and
feature-length TV series
compilations were also
released direct-to-video in
the U.S., and were often
available for rental at
mainstream video stores. Some
titles which were distributed
in the U.S. in this fashion
included Candy Candy, Captain
Future, Angel, Serendipity the
Pink Dragon, Taro the Dragon
Boy, Robby the Rascal (Cybot
Robotchi), and Ninja the
Wonder Boy (Manga Sarutobi
Sasuke).

For the most part, though,
these TV series and films were
not actively promoted as being
of Japanese origin; in fact,
many of them went so far as to
remove most or all Japanese
names from the credits except
for credits to the animation
studios. In the series
themselves, character names
were often changed and
Japanese cultural references
removed to make them more
accessible to English-speaking
audiences, such as Genshi
being changed to Flint in
Space-Time Detective
Genshi-kun. In the late 1990s
and early 2000s, this trend
began to change as more openly
Japanese works, such as Sailor
Moon, Gundam Wing, Pokémon,
Dragon Ball Z, Digimon, and
Yu-Gi-Oh! achieved mainstream
popularity on American
television. Although many of
these shows did undergo some
kind of 'Americanization' in
the form of character name
changes and edits for
violence, language, and the
occasional nudity, viewers
were more aware of the shows'
country of origin, which might
perhaps pique their curiosity
to seek out other works in a
similar style.


Current reception in the
United States
AnimeNation's John Oppliger
had this to say on the matter:

The support for anime among
American anime fans is very
strong. The availability of
anime in America is truly
impressive, especially within
the anime fan community.
Awareness of Japanese
animation in America is at an
all time high. However,
mainstream acceptance of anime
in America lags far behind the
advances anime has made in
other respects. A close
examination of the support for
anime on American television
may provide a revealing and
realistic gauge of the actual
penetration of anime into
America and American culture.
Anime may seem like it's
tremendously successful in
America because its high
profile, but the facts tell
another story.

According to AC Nielsen,
Pixar's The Incredibles sold
16 million copies on DVD in
America last year. Shark Tale
sold nearly 10 million copies.
Even the DVD release of Bambi
sold 6 million copies in 2005.
In comparison, all four
Inuyasha movies combined have
sold just over 1 million
copies in the past year and a
half. Evidently, the success
of anime in America is very
relative. American anime fans
are very devoted. Through
underground means hardcore
American fans now have access
to brand new Japanese anime
before even many Japanese
residents do. America's anime
fan community is influential
because it's affluent,
intelligent, and motivated;
but it's not very large.[11]

Despite assessments like that,
and its rare and limited
release in American theaters,
anime's legitimacy and respect
in North America has grown
well enough to garner major
native artistic awards such as
the Academy Award for Best
Animated Feature in 2002 for
Spirited Away by Hayao
Miyazaki. Anime has a
dedicated fan following in
English speaking countries,
particularly active on the
internet, and at conventions
regularly held throughout the
US and UK.


Commercial appeal
Anime has become commercially
profitable in western
countries as early
commercially successful
western adaptations of anime,
such as Astro Boy, have
revealed.[12] The phenomenal
success of Nintendo's
multi-billion dollar
Pokémon franchise[13] was
helped greatly by the spin-off
anime series that, first
broadcast in the late 1990s,
is still running worldwide to
this day.


Influence on Western culture

Western Animation
Main article: Anime-influenced
animation
Anime-influenced animation
refers to non-Japanese works
of animation that emulate the
visual style of anime. Though
most of these works are
created by and primarily shown
in the United States, many
also involve production
studios from Europe and
non-Japanese Asia. These
generally adapted anime
stylizations and anime methods
described in anime physics
into their own. Such examples
exist in Totally Spies!, The
Boondocks, W.I.T.C.H. and
Megas XLR. In addition, works
such as Avatar: The Last
Airbender features Asian
themes. While these examples
are not considered anime by
the fanbase majority, they are
best noted for being
'influenced by anime'.


Conventions
Main article: Anime convention
Fan-based conventions have
long existed. Conventions for
anime began to appear in the
early 1990's, starting with
Anime Expo, Animethon, Otakon,
and JACON. Eventually, anime
conventions are held annually
in various cities across the
United States, Canada, and
Europe.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A
nime

Category Film & Animation

Tags Anime, mortal, combat, kombat, game, sound, animation, battle, no, efect, escenes, 3D, action, mo